What is iodine? What does it do?

Iodine is a mineral that is vital for our body and is involved in many metabolic processes. In this article, we will examine the definition of iodine, its roles in health, the effects of deficiencies and excesses, and the measures we can take to increase iodine intake.

What is Iodine?

Iodine is one of the trace elements that plays a critical role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones in our body. Thyroid hormones control many important processes in the body, such as regulation of metabolism, energy production, protein synthesis and nervous system function. Therefore, an adequate intake of iodine is extremely important for our overall health.

Functions of Iodine

The main functions of iodine are as follows:

1. Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones: It is used in the thyroid gland to produce hormones called thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
2. Metabolism Regulation: Thyroid hormones regulate energy metabolism in the body and control calorie utilization.
3. Growth and Development: Adequate iodine intake is critical for growth and development, especially during pregnancy and childhood.
4. Nervous System Functions: Iodine is essential for the normal functioning of nerve cells.

Iodine Deficiency and Health Problems

Iodine deficiency is a worldwide health problem and can affect many people. Here are some of the health problems that can occur in case of deficiency:

• Goiter: Enlargement and swelling of the thyroid gland.
• Hypothyroidism: Inadequate production of thyroid hormones.
• Mental Retardation: Iodine deficiency during pregnancy can lead to mental retardation and developmental disorders in children.
• Birth Defects: Iodine deficiency can increase the risk of birth defects.

Sources of Iodine

Iodine is usually taken in through food and some foods are rich in iodine. Here are some foods that are sources of iodine:

• Seafood: Seafood such as fish (e.g. salmon, mackerel), shrimp and mussels are rich in iodine.
• Milk and milk products: Dairy products such as milk, yogurt and cheese can contain iodine (using iodized salt).
• Eggs: Eggs are a good source of iodine.
• Iodized Salt: The use of iodized salt is a common way to increase iodine intake.

Iodine Supplements

People living in areas at risk of iodine deficiency can take iodine supplements under the supervision of a doctor. However, it is important to use iodine supplements in moderation, as excess iodine intake can also lead to health problems.

Iodine is an essential mineral for our body, playing a critical role in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and in many metabolic processes. It is important to ensure adequate iodine intake for a healthy life. Including iodine-rich foods in our diet and, if necessary, taking supplements as recommended by a doctor can help us keep our iodine levels within a healthy range.